摘要：
【目的】研究15种槭树属树种翅果性状,探究果实性状和风传播特征之间的相关性,为深入研究槭树属植物果实的风传播机制和种群扩张提供理论参考。【方法】以15种槭树属树种翅果为材料,在分析种子长度、种子宽度、果翅长度、果翅宽度、种子长宽比和种子长/果翅长特征等参数的基础上,模拟果实的传播特征(沉降速度和水平传播距离),比较15种果实性状和风传播特性间的相关性。【结果】①15种槭树属树种翅果开张角度对沉降速度和水平传播距离的影响最大,种子宽度影响较弱;②15种槭树属树种翅果沉降速度为69.14~224.06 cm/s,扇叶槭最慢,梣叶槭最快;扇叶槭果实的水平传播距离最远,梣叶槭最近;③15种槭树属植物果实沉降速度与种子长度、果翅长度、果翅宽度、种子长宽比和种子长/果翅长正相关,与果实两翅开张角度和种子宽度负相关;水平传播距离与果实两翅开张角度、种子长、果翅长、果翅宽、种子长宽比和种子长/果翅长均呈负相关,而与种子宽度正相关,果实水平传播距离与其沉降速度呈负相关,果实沉降速度和水平传播距离受多种性状影响;④对15种槭树翅果的8个性状主成分分析表明,前3个主成分的累计贡献率达82.911%, 基于8个性状进行聚类分析可知,当欧氏距离为10时,15种槭树可分为4类。【结论】果实形态特征的相关性分析表明,15种槭树果实形态特征对沉降速度的影响依次为:两翅张开角度>种子长/果翅长>种子长度>果翅长度>种子长宽比>果翅宽度>种子宽度。果实的水平传播距离受多种因子的综合制约。千粒质量、两翅张开角度、种子长/果翅长可作为槭树分类的重要依据。
关键词:
槭树属,
翅果性状,
沉降速度,
水平传播距离,
主成分分析,
聚类分析
Abstract:
【Objective】In order to explore the correlation between samara characteristics and wind dispersal characteristics and provide theoretical reference for further study on the mechanism of wind dispersal and population expansion of Acer samaras, characteristics of 15 Acer species samaras were studied.【Method】The 1 000-grain-weight, seed length, seed width, wing length, wing width, angle of samara , ratio of seed length to width, ratio of seed length to wing length and the dispersal characteristics (settlement velocity and horizontal dispersal distance) of 15 Acer samara were studied by simulation experiments, and the correlation between samara characteristics and wind dispersal characteristics was compared.【Result】① The angle of samara had the greatest influence on settlement velocity and horizontal dispersal distance, while the seed width had the weakest influence. ② The samara settlement velocity ranged from 69.14 to 224.06 cm/s; the slowest was Acer flabellatum and the fastest was Acer negundo. The horizontal dispersal distance also varied, and the farthest was Acer negundo and the nearest was Acer flabellatum. ③ The samara settlement velocity was positively correlated with seed length, wing length, wing width, ratio of seed length to width, and ratio of seed length to wing length, and negatively correlated with the angle of samara and seed width. The horizontal dispersal distance was negatively correlated with the angle of samara, seed length, wing length, wing width, ratio of seed length to width, and ratio of seed length to wing length, but positively correlated with seed width. The horizontal dispersal distance was negatively correlated with the samara settlement velocity. Samara settlement velocity and horizontal dispersal distance were affected by many morphological indexes. ④ Principal component analysis of eight samara characters of 15 species of Acer showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 82.911%. The genetic relationship of 15 Acer species was examined via cluster analysis of eight traits, when euclidean distance is 10, 15 Acer species can be divided into 4 groups.【Conclusion】The correlation analysis showed that the effects of samara morphological characteristics on settlement velocity were as follows: angle of samara > ratio of seed length to wing length > seed length > wing length > ratio of seed length to width > wing width > seed width. The horizontal dispersal distance of samara is restricted by many factors. The 1 000 seed mass, angle of samara, and ratio of seed length to wing length can be used as important factors for the classification of Acer.
Key words:
Acer,
samara characters,
settlement velocity,
horizontal dispersal distance,
principal component analysis,
cluster analysis
中图分类号:
S718
引用本文
吴红,燕丽萍,李成忠,等. 槭树属常见树种翅果性状多样性与风传播特征分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(2): 103-110.
WU Hong, YAN Liping, LI Chengzhong, XIA Qun, ZHOU Xia, ZHAO Baoyuan. Morphological characteristics and wind dispersal characteristics of samara of common Acer species[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 45(2): 103-110.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.201909016.
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链接本文:
http://nldxb.njfu.edu.cn/CN/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.201909016
http://nldxb.njfu.edu.cn/CN/Y2021/V45/I2/103